中国大学MOOC 语言学导论-洛阳师范学院 测验与作业答案

Chapter One Invitations to Linguistics

1 M.A.K Halliday proposes that language is, above all, for communicaiton.
正确
喵查答案：错误

2 All the language now have both spoken and written form.
正确
喵查答案：错误

3 Language is arbitrary on all the aspects.
正确
喵查答案：错误

4 The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.
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5 Modern linguistics regards the speech as primary, not the written language.
喵查答案：正确
错误

6 A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.
正确
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7 Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.
正确
喵查答案：错误

8 In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.
喵查答案：正确
错误

9 A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.
正确
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10 Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.
正确
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11 _________ is the study of language in terms of the internal structure of words.
喵查答案：Morphology

12 Linguistics is generally defined as a _______ study of language.
喵查答案：scientific

13 Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as ________ linguistics.
喵查答案：applied

14 _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
喵查答案：Parole

15 Human capacity for language has a _______ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.
喵查答案：general##%_YZPRLFH_%##universal

16 The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called ________.
喵查答案：syntax

17 Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for human communication.
喵查答案：arbitrary

18 _________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.
喵查答案：Duality

19 _______
refers to the lexicon, grammar, and phonology implanted in each
individual by his upbringing in society and on the basis of which he
speaks and understands his language.
喵查答案：Langue

20 Chomsky defines _________ as the ideal user’s knowledgy of the rules of his language.
喵查答案：competence

Chapter Two Speech Sounds

1 The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
phones
sounds
喵查答案：allophones
phonemes

2 A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
phone
sound
allophone
喵查答案：phoneme

3 Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _______.
phonetic components
immediate constituents
喵查答案：suprasegmental features
semantic features

4 A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
back
central
喵查答案：front
middle

5 The sound /f/ is _________________.
voiced palatal affricate
voiced alveolar stop
voiceless velar fricative
喵查答案：voiceless labiodental fricative

6 Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.
minimal pair
allophones
in complementary distribution
喵查答案：in contrast distribution

7 __________ is a voiced alveolar stop.
[z]
喵查答案：[d]
[k]
[b]

8 The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
voiced
喵查答案：voiceless
vowel
consonant

9 Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/are the most flexible.
mouth
lips
喵查答案：tongue
vocal cords

10 Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.
喵查答案：正确
错误

11 Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.
正确
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12  A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.
正确
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13 In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.
喵查答案：正确
错误

14 When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.
喵查答案：正确
错误

15 A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning.
喵查答案：正确
错误

16 Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.
正确
喵查答案：错误

17 Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.
正确
喵查答案：错误

18 According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.
正确
喵查答案：错误

19 Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.
喵查答案：正确
错误

20 According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.
正确
喵查答案：错误

21 The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
phones
sounds
喵查答案：allophones
phonemes

22 A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
phone
sound
allophone
喵查答案：phoneme

23 Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _______.
phonetic components
immediate constituents
喵查答案：suprasegmental features
semantic features

24 A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
back
central
喵查答案：front
middle

25 The sound /f/ is _________________.
voiced palatal affricate
voiced alveolar stop
voiceless velar fricative
喵查答案：voiceless labiodental fricative

26 Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.
minimal pair
allophones
in complementary distribution
喵查答案：in contrast distribution

27 __________ is a voiced alveolar stop.
[z]
喵查答案：[d]
[k]
[b]

28 The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
voiced
喵查答案：voiceless
vowel
consonant

29 Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/are the most flexible.
mouth
lips
喵查答案：tongue
vocal cords

30 Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.
喵查答案：正确
错误

31 Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.
正确
喵查答案：错误

32  A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.
正确
喵查答案：错误

33 In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.
喵查答案：正确
错误

34 When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.
喵查答案：正确
错误

35 A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning.
喵查答案：正确
错误

36 Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.
正确
喵查答案：错误

37 Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.
正确
喵查答案：错误

38 According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.
正确
喵查答案：错误

39 Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.
喵查答案：正确
错误

40 According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.
正确
喵查答案：错误

41 English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.
正确
喵查答案：错误

42 A_______ phonetics studies how speech sounds are perceived by the hearer.
喵查答案：Auditory

43 The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_______ cavity and the nasal cavity.
喵查答案：oral

44 P___________ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.
喵查答案：Phonology

45 The transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called n_________ transcription.
喵查答案：narrow

46 S_________ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.
喵查答案：Suprasegmental

47 When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a s________.
喵查答案：stop

48 English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p_______ of articulation.
喵查答案：place